To represent, analyse and discuss aspects or ideas related to biological systems from a general perspective modelling is a necessary tool. With this in mind, teaching science and doing research based on the elaboration of models is widely accepted in the academic community. The discussion among theoretical biologists on reductionism versus holism has been featured […]
Driving a tractor in the field can be especially hard and tedious due to the repetitive nature of agricultural operations. Harvesting, spraying, fertilizing, and planting are common tasks that require full attention of farm vehicles operators for long periods of time, usually leading to physical and mental fatigue in drivers. In addition to the benefits […]
Inspired by the biological paradigm earthworm, this paper investigates similar mechanical systems—worm-like locomotion systems (WLLS). Their mechanical model comprises of a chain of interconnected, discrete mass points. These shall be used to mimic the wave of muscle contraction that travels through the earthworm’s body and results in locomotion. Therefore, actuators are assumed to be positioned […]
Timetabling problems exist in numerous areas including educational timetabling, nurse rostering, transportation timetabling, sports timetabling and so on. Of all the timetabling problems, it was reported that the educational timetabling is one of the most widely studied problems [19]. Examples of educational timetabling include school timetabling, university course timetabling and university examination timetabling. In this […]
Decision making problems in decentralized organizations are often formulated as two-level programming problems with a decision maker (DM) at the upper level (DM1) and another DM at the lower level (DM2). Under the assumption that these DMs do not have motivation to cooperate mutually, the Stackelberg solution [1- 4] is adopted as a reasonable solution […]
Nowadays, the users of Internet services are unthinkably increasing in the entire world. Internet services are the largest and richest source of information in the form of social networks, online applications, online videos and images, which lay among billions of web pages and blogs. The Internet users become connected to the networks for finding information, […]
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most wide-sear health problems and the largest cause of mortality in world [1]. Based on the World Health Report 2000, each year the Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) kills an estimated 7 million people, representing 13% of all male deaths and 12% of all female deaths. Thus, low-cost, high-quality cardiac […]
Since 1975, a series of related papers appeared that considered the effects of time value of money and inflation on the inventory system. There are a few problems in the inflationary inventory systems on obsolescence and amelioration items which have been addressed by the researchers, because, we will not use obsolesced items in the future […]
The gene expression data shows the expression values of ten thousands of genes under hundreds of experimental conditions [1]. The data is useful for various applications such as cellular processes analysis, gene functions prediction and diseases diagnoses [2, 3]. However, some values in the gene expression data are missing due to image corruption, dust or […]
Nations all over the world depend on oil and gas for fuelling of cars, generation of electricity and other domestic purposes. Oil exploitation and exploration with associated spillage have been increasing at alarming rates [1, 2]. During oil exploration, production, storage and transport activities, crude oil and products spill onto land and waterways. Oil spillage […]